Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated multicellular process that involves several kinds of cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and platelets that are leading to their differentiation towards an anti-inflammatory response for producing several chemokines, cytokine and growth factors. In this study, electrospun nanofiber scaffold named (MNS) is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/iota carrageenan (IC) and doped with partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO) that is successfully synthesized for wound healing and skin repair. The fabricated MNS was tested in case of infection and un-infection with E. coli and Staphylococcus and in both of the presence and in the absence of yeast as a natural nutritional supplement. Numerous biochemical parameters including total protein, albumin, urea and LDH, and hematological parameters were evaluated. Results revealed that the MNS was proved to be effective on most of the measured parameters and had exhibited efficient antibacterial inhibition activity. Whereas it can be used as an effective antimicrobial agent in wound healing, however, histopathological findings confirmed that the MNS caused re-epithelialization and the presence of yeast induced hair follicles growth and subsequently it may be used to hide formed head wound scar.
Highlights
Wound healing is a complicated multicellular process that involves several kinds of cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and platelets that are leading to their differentiation towards an anti-inflammatory response for producing several chemokines, cytokine and growth factors
The phase of skin repair requires the interaction of cells, growth factors, chemokines, cytokines and other signaling molecules[5,6,7,8,9,10,11], which play an essential role in cutaneous injury repair
The defects in partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO) structure can be quantified according to the origins of the D and G bands, and the I D/IG ratio which is 1:1 and that defect in the prGO structure is confirmed from the XRD spectrum as shown in Fig. 1e, whereas a wide diffraction peak detected at approximately 22.6° which attributed to the (200) plane of the graphitic amorphous s tructure[31,32] with d-spacing of 3.64 Å
Summary
Wound healing is a complicated multicellular process that involves several kinds of cells including macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and platelets that are leading to their differentiation towards an anti-inflammatory response for producing several chemokines, cytokine and growth factors. The microscopic changes in healed wound in group 2 treated with gentamicin, revealed the presence of an area of nearly thickened epithelium(black arrow), wide dermal connective tissue (asterisk) and various vasculatures (white arrows),the dermis contained excessive fibrous connective tissue proliferation and small congested blood capillaries.
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