Abstract
Snake antivenom is a specific antidote to the venom action, neutralizing the circulating venom. However, it fails to neutralize the venom fixed to target organs such as platelets, renal tubules, etc. Russell's viper venom initiates rapid coagulation in a victim by activating blood platelets, factors V, X, and anticoagulant cofactors. Activation of thrombin, resulting in formation of micro-thrombi, fibrinolysis, and a vicious cascade, sets in. Inhibition of activated platelets by aspirin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and clopidogrel (ADP receptor inhibitor) helps to break this vicious circle induced by Russell's venom and may initiate the natural physiological clotting mechanism. They can be utilized as an adjuvant treatment.
Highlights
Snake antivenom is a specific antidote to the venom action, neutralizing the circulating venom
In an experiment with animals, in which antivenom was given in combination with antithrombin III, abnormal clotting induced by Russell’s viper venom (RV) was prevented (1)
Hemophilic manifestations were reported in a case treated with clopidogrel (3)
Summary
Snake antivenom is a specific antidote to the venom action, neutralizing the circulating venom. Russell’s viper venom initiates rapid coagulation in a victim by activating blood platelets, factors V, X, and anticoagulant cofactors. Inhibition of activated platelets by aspirin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and clopidogrel (ADP receptor inhibitor) helps to break this vicious circle induced by Russell’s venom and may initiate the natural physiological clotting mechanism.
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