Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and properties of new polymer resins containing strong acid and base groups for optimising applications in desalination. Several polyampholytic gels were synthesised with a ratio of 1:1 of strong acid (sulphonate) and strong base (quaternary ammonium) groups and a zwitterionic resin with a 1:1 strong acid and base ratio. The physico-chemical properties of these highly charged resins were studied in electrolyte solutions over a range of pH values, in particular: effects of chemical cross-linking, water and electrolyte swelling; bulk electrical conductivities and surface charging properties in different pH values. The results from absorption of NaCl showed that the resins have considerable potential for more effective desalination than other resin-based techniques.
Highlights
One of several themes of this Substantia volume on novel technologies for water processing concerns desalination
Several polyampholytic hydrogels were formed with chemical crosslinking using Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and GA
The results showed that water content was typically found to be around 90% for chemically cross-linked gels immersed in a range of electrolyte solutions
Summary
One of several themes of this Substantia volume on novel technologies for water processing concerns desalination. It has been shown that mixed cationic and anionic ion exchange resins can be used to great effect in a new desalination process. This is far more efficient in all aspects (in excess of 30%) to the present best reverse osmosis (RO) and other techniques in use. It is the result of extensive evaluation by a major international company that builds RO plants worldwide. Our aim here is to seek to improve this new ion exchange based technology even further
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