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Abstract
In this paper, novel energy-aware and reliable routing protocols are proposed. The aim is to maximize the lifespan of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) subject to predefined reliability constraints by using multi-hop routing schemes, in which the source node forwards the packet to the base station (BS) via other nodes as relays. In the first proposed protocol, energy efficiency is achieved by maximizing the minimum residual energy of the path subject to fulfilling a predefined reliability constraints. The second protocol is an optimized version of the first one with respect to lifespan and complexity. The optimal path is the one in which the residual energy distribution of the nodes along the path is as close to uniform as possible and the packet arrives at the base station with a given success probability. To measure the uniformity of the residual energy distribution, we use an entropy like measure. The information about the current energy state of the network is maintained by using a look-up-table from which the optimal routes are computed on the BS. The BS broadcasts the updated optimal paths to each node after each round of packet transmission.
Highlights
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a distributed system consisting of several nodes, and one or more base stations (BS)
In the second part of this paper, we improve the performance of the basic Minimum Residual Energy Protocol (MMREP) in terms of energy efficiency and complexity
Previous works were done in the field, classify energy-efficient routing protocols into homogeneous WSN protocols and heterogeneous WSN protocols, where both are subdivided into static and mobile [9]
Summary
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a distributed system consisting of several nodes, and one or more base stations (BS). Most protocols achieve energy efficiency by enforcing uniform energy distribution and maximum longevity, but they do not provide reliable links where lost data means wasted energy. According to the proposed method, we select a path by which a packet is sent to the BS over the nodes, of which the minimum remaining energy is the maximum subject to the reliability constraint. The reliability constraint means that the packet will reach the BS with a given probability This strategy can significantly extend the life span of WSNs. In the second part of this paper, we improve the performance of the basic MMREP in terms of energy efficiency and complexity. They achieve an efficient load balancing under predefined reliability constraint.
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