Abstract
N,N-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)alkylamines, benzoxazine dimers, are the major product produced from benzoxazine monomers on mono-functional phenol by the one step ring opening reaction. Due to the metal responsive property of benzoxazine dimers, in this present work, N,N-bis(5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)methylamine (MMD), N,N-bis (5-ethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)methylamine (EMD), and N,N-bis(5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl) methyl amine (MeMD), are considered as novel ligands for rare earth metal ion, such as cerium(III) ion. The complex formed when the clear and colorless solutions of cerium nitrate and benzoxazine dimers were mixed, results in a brown colored solution. The metal-ligand ratios determined by the molar ratio and the Job’s methods were found to be in a ratio of 1:6. To clarify the evidence of the complex formation mechanism, the interactions among protons in benzoxazine dimers both prior to and after the formation of complexes were determined by means of 1H-NMR, 2D-NMR and a computational simulation. The single phase ceria (CeO2) was successfully prepared by thermal decomposition of the Ce(III)-benzoxazine dimer complexes at 600 °C for 2 h, was then characterized using XRD. In addition, the ceria powder investigated by TEM is spherical with an average diameter of 20 nm.
Highlights
Ceria, cerium(IV) oxide, or cerium oxide (CeO2) with a fluorite crystal structure has been considered as a material for applications in solid oxide fuel cell, catalysts, hydrogen storage materials, ultraviolet absorbers, etc. [1,2,3]
A technique which provides several advantages over traditional methods in terms of homogeneity and purity of products, low processing temperatures, and the ease to control the size, shape, and distribution of ceramic particles remains under development
This study revealed all of the proposed benzoxazine dimers to be novel ligands for Ce(III) ion
Summary
Cerium(IV) oxide, or cerium oxide (CeO2) with a fluorite crystal structure has been considered as a material for applications in solid oxide fuel cell, catalysts, hydrogen storage materials, ultraviolet absorbers, etc. [1,2,3]. The complex method to prepare the high purity and homogeneity ceria for application as the solid support catalyst for methane steam reforming, and electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells, has been focused. By means of such a method to prepare the metal complexes, the conditions for the complexation can be varied. To investigate interaction of benzoxazine dimers toward Ce(III) ion, free benzoxazine dimers and post complexation properties were studied by means of 1H-NMR and 2D-NMR (NOESY). The complexes between Ce(III) and benzoxazine dimers were further applied as precursors for the preparation of nano-structured ceria powder. The obtained ceria powders were studied by XRD, BET and TEM
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