Abstract
Suzuki C–C cross-coupling of aryl halides with aryl boronic acids using new phosphene-free palladium complexes as precatalysts was investigated. A pyridine-based Pd(II)-complex was used in open air under thermal as well as microwave irradiation conditions using water as an eco-friendly green solvent.
Highlights
Palladium is a versatile metal for homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses [1,2,3,4]
Proper ligand construction has led to catalysts that tolerate weak leaving group such as chloride, exhibit higher turnover numbers (TON) and reaction rates, improved lifetimes, and are stable to run the reactions without the exclusion of water or air and at lower temperatures [8, 9]
In continuation of our research work concerned with the use of Pd(II)-complexes in C–C cross coupling reactions in water, under thermal heating as well as microwave irradiation conditions, [35, 36] we report here our study on the catalytic activity of the hitherto unreported, accessible N,N-dimethyl-N’-pyridyl formamidine-based Pd(II)-complex 4 (Fig. 1) as a precatalyst in the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl halides with a variety of arylboronic acids, in water, under thermal heating as well as microwave irradiation conditions
Summary
Palladium is a versatile metal for homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses [1,2,3,4]. Many products could be synthesized by this methodology for the first time, or in a much more efficient way than before This kind of catalysis provides high reaction rate and high turnover numbers (TON) and often affords high selectivity and yields [5,6,7]. Formamidines are of high interest in synthetic chemistry [12, 13] and have been used extensively as pesticides [14,15,16,17,18] and as pharmacological agents [19,20,21]
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