Abstract
The pulse ageing characteristics of the ZnO–Pr 6O 11–CoO–Cr 2O 3–Er 2O 3 varistor ceramics has been investigated for 0.5 and 2.0 mol% Er 2O 3. The breakdown field ( E 1 mA/cm 2 ) increased to almost double when Er 2O 3 increased from 0.5 to 2.0 mol%. The amount of Er 2O 3 addition did have a significant effect on clamp ratio, which exhibits a surge protection capability. The varistor ceramics added with 2.0 mol% exhibited the best clamp characteristics, in which the clamp voltage ratio was in the range of K = 1.59–1.84 at a pulse-current of 5–50 A. The varistor ceramics added with 0.5 mol% Er 2O 3 exhibited excellent electrical stability, where % Δ E 1 mA/cm 2 = − 3.6 % and %Δ α = –10.0% for the pulse-current of 2100 A.
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