Abstract
Cotton fabric has a wide application due to its hygroscopicity, air permeability, and large production of cotton fiber used to make the fabric. However, cotton materials are a safety hazard during its application because of flammability (limiting oxygen index is about 18%). In order to improve the flame retardancy of cotton fibers and reduce the damage of its mechanical properties, novel P/Si based flame retardant (PFR) nanoparticles were synthesized by one-step radical polymerization. Vinyl phosphoric acid and tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane were introduced into the nanoparticles. The structure, morphology and thermal stability of PFR was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis test (TGA). Durable flame retardant cotton fibers were prepared by dip-coating and plasma induced crosslinking methods. Micro-calorimeter (MCC) characterization showed that the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR) were reduced by 47.3% and 29.8% for modified cotton fibers compared with pure cotton fibers. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of modified cotton fibers was increased to 27%. The residue carbon of modified cotton fibers was 19.0% at 700 °C, while the value of pure cotton fibers was 3.0%. Besides, durability of the modified cotton fibers was approved by cyclic washing test. In addition, flame retardant mechanism was revealed by collecting and analyzing condensed and gaseous pyrolysis products. The data of FE-SEM for residue carbon, FT-IR spectra of products at different pyrolysis temperatures and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) showed that PFR was a synergistic flame retardant contained barrier and quenching effecting applied on cotton materials.Graphical abstractNovel phosphorus-silicon based nanoparticles were synthesized by one-step radical polymerization and applied to improve the flame retardant of cotton materials by dip-coating and plasma induced crosslinking.
Highlights
Textiles have already permeated in every household
A novel nanoparticle flame retardant was synthesized by radical polymerization of THOD and Vinyl phosphoric acid (VA) in deionized water
For the dip-coating and plasma reduced crosslinking cotton fibers, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 47.3 % and 29.8 %, respectively
Summary
Textiles have already permeated in every household. Among them, natural fiber products are most favored. Cotton fibers as the original materials of cotton fabrics have a widely application (Zhang et al 2021) due to their perfect hygroscopicity, air permeability, and a large annual output (Mathangadeera et al 2020; Schumacher et al 2020). The methods of endowing function to cotton materials are mainly focused on surface modification, such as coating (Li et al 2011; Alongi et al 2013; Pan et al 2017), layer by layer, grafting and so on (Alongi et al 2011; Alongi et al 2014; Indraneel et al 2017; Li et al 2019; Wang et al 2020). Surface modification is an effective and convenient method to offer flame-retardant properties to combustible materials (Kim et al 2014). Plasma has been explored widely to graft cotton fabric by inducing crosslinking. Tsafack et al investigated the simultaneous grafting and polymerization of flame retardant monomers on cotton fabric induced by argon plasma (Tsafack et al 2008). Plasma is an effective path to modify surface of cotton material
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