Novel Prospects of Non-aqueous Solvents for Designing Injectables Parenteral Formulation

Abstract

The most efficient method for delivering pharmaceutically active compounds with a limited therapeutic index and low bioavailability is via parenteral administration. Depending on the patient's location and the type of ailment being treated, injectable medication products are quite different and specialized. Water-insoluble medications have long been dissolved using non-aqueous solvents in subcutaneous or intramuscular pharmaceutical formulations. The necessity for these transporters has grown recently as a result of the drug discovery process' production of numerous medicines with poor water solubility. The formulator uses nonaqueous solvents to create stable, practical parenteral dosage forms. The drawbacks of suspensions, such as non-uniform dosing caking and the potential sluggish release of the medication when it is not wanted, are avoided by using a parenteral solution. These organic solvents, which are thought to be inert chemically and physiologically, could have toxicological and pharmacological consequences. Therefore, prior to their administration, especially when given undiluted, it is crucial to understand the tolerance and activity of nonaqueous solvents. Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, and ethanol are examples of well-researched organic solvents. Other solvents include those described for specific applications (dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycofurol, Solketal, glycerol formal, acetone), those not reported for intravascular applications but potentially useful (tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diglyme, dimethyl isosorbide, e In addition to some specialized and infrequently used nonaqueous solvents, this overview discusses their toxicity, chemical and physical characteristics, and applications in parenteral formulations.