Abstract
The potential of three novel processing routes for producing ultrafine ferrite in steel has been investigated. Transformational grain refinement (TGR) from a refined austenite grain size, using heavy, single pass rolling reductions above the Ar3 temperature produced submicrometre grains in surface layers and 1·5 µm grains in the centre of 2–3·5 mm thick plates of a niobium microalloyed low carbon steel. Cold rolling and recrystallisation of plates prerefined by TGR resulted in submicrometre grains throughout the thickness of 1 mm thick strip. Equal channel angular extrusion of a titanium interstitial free steel at 500°C to an effective strain of 10 produced elongated grains 0·8 × 0·2 μm in size. These processing routes are suitable for producing samples for detailed investigation of the properties of ultrafine ferrite.
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