Abstract
Visible light mediated transesterification of Used Frying Oil (UFO) with novel porphyrin as recyclable photocatalyst was explored in a homemade photoreactor. Porphyrin photocatalyst intertwined with ionic liquid and sulfonic acid (PPcILS) was synthesized by reaction of 2-((4-formylbenzylidene)amino)-1sulfopyridin-1-ium chloride [B] and pyrrole (1:1 ratio) in AcOH under reflux condition. PPcILS photocatalyst was confirmed by various characterization techniques. Box-Behnken Design was utilized to determine the influence of photocatalytic reaction conditions: quantity of photocatalyst, duration, intensity of light, and molar ratio. The appreciable proton level (H0 = 0.9571) and lower energy band gap (1.25 eV) of PPcILS, verified by photo-transesterification of UFO (palm-oil) to biodiesel with 90.23 % yield under irradiation of 5 W LED, 20 mg photocatalyst and UFO: ethanol (01:10) molar ratio in 15 h. The physicochemical properties of B15-Blended-Diesel and commercial Diesel were found to be comparable. Likewise, engine performance, combustion, and emission parameters of B15-Blended-Diesel was found very close to neat Diesel.
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