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Abstract
Scaffold-based bone tissue engineering is the most relevant approach for critical-sized bone defects. It is based on the use of three-dimensional substrates to provide the appropriate biomechanical environment for bone regeneration. Despite some successful results previously reported, scaffolds were never designed for disease treatment applications. This article proposes a novel dual-functional scaffold for cancer applications, comprising both treatment and regeneration functions. These functions are achieved by combining a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer and graphene. Results indicate that high concentrations of graphene enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, also increasing the inhibition on cancer cell viability and proliferation.
Highlights
Primary bone cancer is a kind of sarcoma, with around 700,000 new cases being reported per year worldwide.[1,2] According to a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network (NCIN), between 1985 and 2009, an average of 380 new primary bone cancer cases were diagnosed per year in England.[3]
Results indicate that all scaffolds presented a relatively lower cell survival rate on Saos-2 cells than human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) (83.5% in the case of Saos-2 cells and 89.4% in the case of hADSCs on scaffold A; 77.7% in the case of Saos-2 cells and 82.6% in the case of hADSCs on scaffold B; 80.4% in the case of Saos-2 cells and 80.3% in the case of hADSCs on scaffold C). These results show that the addition of graphene fillers can reduce the survival rate of both hADSCs and Saos-2 cells, and the PCL/graphene scaffolds exhibit a greater inhibition ability on Saos-2 cells than on hADSCs
This article proposes for the first time a novel dualfunctional 3D scaffold for bone cancer treatment and regeneration post-treatment
Summary
Primary bone cancer is a kind of sarcoma, with around 700,000 new cases being reported per year worldwide.[1,2] According to a report from the National Cancer Intelligence Network (NCIN), between 1985 and 2009, an average of 380 new primary bone cancer cases were diagnosed per year in England.[3] Due to its low incidence, delayed diagnosed and treatment are common, leading to a high mortality (worldwide more than 220,000 patients died per year after treatment and the survival rate of these patients is around 68%).[1] Depending on the type and extension of cancer cells, the main clinical strategies to treat bone cancer comprise chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted cancer drugs, surgery, and a combination of these methods (Table 1).[3,4,5] these therapeutic strategies present several physical and psychological side effects (pain, constipation, diarrhea, allergies, hair loss, low immunity, superinfection, multiple surgeries, and amputations).[6,7] Due to these limitations, new and more effective strategies are still required
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