Novel Phenolic Constituents of Pulmonaria officinalis L. LC-MS/MS Comparison of Spring and Autumn Metabolite Profiles.

Justyna Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk,Agnieszka Ludwiczuk,Łukasz Pecio,Mariusz Kowalczyk,Jarosław Mołdoch

doi:10.3390/molecules23092277

Abstract

Lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis L., Boraginaceae) is considered to possess therapeutic properties and it has been traditionally used as a remedy against various lung disorders in many countries. Nevertheless, very few data concerning its phytochemical composition are available. This research aims to provide a detailed description of specialized metabolites from the aerial parts of lungwort. Nine previously undescribed and 36 known phenolic compounds were detected in the 50% methanolic extract. Following multistep preparative procedures, structures of newly discovered compounds were determined using one- and two-dimensional techniques of NMR spectroscopy. Among the identified compounds were caffeic acid esters with aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, conjugates of dicaffeic acid with rosmarinic acid, and previously unknown isomers of isosalvianolic acid A and yunnaneic acid E, as well as other lignans. Concentrations of all identified phenolic derivatives in the investigated herbal material were estimated using a method based on liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection. Seasonal changes in the concentration of metabolites were also investigated using targeted and untargeted metabolomics techniques.

Highlights

Pulmonaria officinalis L, belonging to the Boraginaceae family, is a herbaceous perennial plant, widely spread in Europe and western Asia
Our research revealed that P. officinalis extract contains yunnaneic acid B—a unique molecule that has been isolated so far only from Salvia yunnanensis, and confirmed the presence of large amounts of rosmarinic acid [18]
Preliminary chromatographic analyses of the extract from aerial parts of P. officinalis L. indicated the presence of several peaks tentatively identified as phenolic derivatives (Figure 1 and Table 1, peak numbers assigned by retention time)

Summary

Introduction

Pulmonaria officinalis L (lungwort), belonging to the Boraginaceae family, is a herbaceous perennial plant, widely spread in Europe and western Asia It has a long tradition of use in folk medicine of many countries as a remedy against various respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, laryngitis, and coughs. Other ethnomedicinal sources indicate that infusions or decoctions of P. officinalis are administrated as astringent, anticoagulant, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory herbs, as well as a remedy for urinary disorders, cystitis, it shows diuretic and anti-lithiasis activities [2,7,8] Applied externally, it can be very beneficial in the treatment of burns, wounds, cuts, and eczema [1,2].

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