Novel Parvoviruses from Wild and Domestic Animals in Brazil Provide New Insights into Parvovirus Distribution and Diversity.

William De Souza,Jansen Araujo,Edison Durigon,Luzia Queiroz,Luiz Vieira,Luiz Figueiredo,Robert Gifford,Gustavo Acrani,Adriano Carrasco,Tristan Dennis,Felipe Maia,Marilia Romeiro,Gilberto Sabino-Santos,Marcílio Fumagalli,Sejal Modha,Tatiana Ometto,Márcio Nunes

doi:10.3390/v10040143

Abstract

Parvoviruses (family Parvoviridae) are small, single-stranded DNA viruses. Many parvoviral pathogens of medical, veterinary and ecological importance have been identified. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to investigate the diversity of parvoviruses infecting wild and domestic animals in Brazil. We identified 21 parvovirus sequences (including twelve nearly complete genomes and nine partial genomes) in samples derived from rodents, bats, opossums, birds and cattle in Pernambuco, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states. These sequences were investigated using phylogenetic and distance-based approaches and were thereby classified into eight parvovirus species (six of which have not been described previously), representing six distinct genera in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Our findings extend the known biogeographic range of previously characterized parvovirus species and the known host range of three parvovirus genera (Dependovirus, Aveparvovirus and Tetraparvovirus). Moreover, our investigation provides a window into the ecological dynamics of parvovirus infections in vertebrates, revealing that many parvovirus genera contain well-defined sub-lineages that circulate widely throughout the world within particular taxonomic groups of hosts.

Highlights

Parvoviruses are small, linear and non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded DNAgenomes ~5–6 kilobases in length [1]
Using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we identified 21 parvovirus sequences in samples derived from rodents, bats, opossums, birds and cattle in Pernambuco, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states in Brazil (Figure 1)
We identified a novel bocaparvovirus species—rodent bocaparvovirus—in two distinct sample pools obtained from hairy-tailed bolo mice and a novel aveparvovirus in the grey pileated finch in São José do Egito, Pernambuco State, Brazil

Summary

Introduction

Parvoviruses are small, linear and non-enveloped viruses with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Genomes ~5–6 kilobases (kb) in length [1]. All parvoviruses possess at least two major genes, a non-structural (NS) gene encoding the viral replicase and a capsid (VP) gene encoding the structural proteins of the virion [2]. The Parvoviridae family is divided into two subfamilies. All parvoviruses that infect vertebrates fall into one subfamily (Parvovirinae), which currently contains 41 viral species, classified into eight genera [1]. Parvoviruses cause disease in humans and domestic animals.

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Discussion

Conclusion