Abstract
Because of their simplicity and dynamic response, current pulse series are often used to extract parameters for equivalent electrical circuit modeling of Li-ion batteries. These models are then applied for performance simulation, state estimation, and thermal analysis in electric vehicles. However, these methods have two problems: The assumption of linear dependence of the matrix columns and negative parameters estimated from discrete-time equations and least-squares methods. In this paper, continuous-time equations are exploited to construct a linearly independent data matrix and parameterize the circuit model by the combination of non-negative least squares and genetic algorithm, which constrains the model parameters to be positive. Trigonometric functions are then developed to fit the parameter curves. The developed model parameterization methodology was applied and assessed by a standard driving cycle.
Highlights
With price reductions and safety improvements, Li-ion batteries are increasingly being used to power electric vehicles [1]
That the number of RC pairs either increases or decreases makes the electrical circuit (EEC) flexible to battery modeling for varying applications such as overall performance simulation of electric vehicles, real-time control, and analysis of battery transient response. In this battery circuit model, the electromotive force relates to the amount of Li-ion, usually called the open-circuit voltage (OCV), which is a function of the state-of-charge (SOC), temperature, and lifetime
The model parameterization was implemented on a three-RC-pair EEC model for the
Summary
With price reductions and safety improvements, Li-ion batteries are increasingly being used to power electric vehicles [1]. Equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) is one of most commonly used techniques to model Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles, the popular topology of which consists of one resistor, one or multiple resistor-capacitor (RC) pairs, and one electromotive force in series [2]. That the number of RC pairs either increases or decreases makes the EEC flexible to battery modeling for varying applications such as overall performance simulation of electric vehicles, real-time control, and analysis of battery transient response. In this battery circuit model, the electromotive force relates to the amount of Li-ion, usually called the open-circuit voltage (OCV), which is a function of the state-of-charge (SOC), temperature, and lifetime. The serial resistor denotes an ohmic voltage drop when a current flows through the battery terminal taps, current collectors, electrode material, electrolyte, and separator
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