Novel mutations in abetalipoproteinaemia and homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia

Abstract

Abetalipoproteinaemia (ABL) and homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia (FHBL) are rare inherited disorders associated with low or undetectable levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. Patients present with the symptoms and sequelae of fat malabsorption, including fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. We describe two novel mutations: one an APOB gene mutation causing FHBL and the other a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene mutation causing ABL. Two siblings of consanguineous parents were homozygous for an apoB mutation 4339delT causing an apoB-30.9 truncation. In another family, a boy born to consanguineous parents was homozygous for a 319 bp in-frame deletion of MTP exon 15 (c.2076-39_2303 + 52del319). All three children presented with malabsorption and liver dysfunction and had similar very low serum lipid, apoB, and fat-soluble vitamin levels. The FHBL parents had low serum lipid and apoB profiles distinguishing the disorder from the normal levels in ABL parents. Future patients presenting with FHBL or ABL should be genotyped to provide further insight into the varying clinical severity related to molecular heterogenicity in these two conditions.