Abstract
Recently, Molecular Communication (MC) has been recognized as an enabling technology for nanonetworks where MC is envisioned to enable nanorobots to achieve sophisticated and complex tasks in the human body for promising medical applications. Many MC methods that can be applied in the human body have been proposed and modeled in the literature. In this paper, we propose a new method and system for Molecular Communication in the Body, denoted MoSiMe and MoCoBo, respectively. The method takes advantage of how the absorption, distribution, metabolization, and excretion (ADME) bodily processes affects drugs, referred to as Pharmacokinetics (PK) in pharmacology, to enable MC between any points of the human body regardless of their distance even if they are in different parts of the body and separated by tissues and fluids. The architecture, design and components of the MoCoBo system and MoSiMe method are described and different transmitter designs, including a novel passive transmitter design for the first time in telecommunications, are introduced. An analytical model for the body channel is derived and validated with respect to existing human and animal tests. The model captures the ADME bodily processes that affect the kinetics of substances administered to the body. Additionally, an experimental MoCoBo proof of concept platform, capable of sending and receiving a stream of bits between a transmitter and a receiver, is built and validated against clinical trials, animal tests and analytical models. The introduced platform can also be utilized to test modulation techniques and designs for new MoCoBo transmitters and receivers.
Highlights
In recent years, there is an increased interest in Molecular Communication (MC) since it has been recognized as an enabling technology for nanonetworks [1]
The method takes advantage of how the ADME bodily processes affects drugs, referred to as Pharmacokinetics (PK) in pharmacology [13], to enable MC between any points of the human body regardless of their distance even if they are in different parts of the body and separated by tissues and fluids
We further describe the architecture, design, and different components of a system of Molecular Communication in Human Body (MoCoBo) with its underlaying MoSiMe
Summary
There is an increased interest in Molecular Communication (MC) since it has been recognized as an enabling technology for nanonetworks [1]. Many MC methods between nanorobots in the human body have been proposed and modeled in the literature These methods can be broadly classified, based on distance, into short (nm-μm), medium (μm-cm), and long range (cm-m)[9], [10]. Long range MC methods such as diffusion with drift [11] uses the blood as medium to carry the information molecules which limits their scope of communication inside the circulatory system. While short and medium range channel models capture the dynamics of MC channels in the scale of a few centimeters or less, the human body spans larger distances and exhibits other factors that influence MC channels such as chemical reactions and ADME processes. The excretion process filters ASs from the blood and is preformed mainly by the kidneys and partially in the liver
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