Novel miniature SPR immunosensor equipped with all-in-one multi-microchannel sensor chip for detecting low-molecular-weight analytes

Abstract

A simple and versatile miniaturized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor enabling parallel analysis of multiple analytes or multiple samples of an analyte has been investigated for detection of a low-molecular-weight (lmw) toxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A specially designed multi-microchannel SPR sensor module, integrating an optical-prism coated with an array of thin Au-films, a multi-microchannel plate (eight channels) and a flow-cell together, has been fabricated. The sensing surface was fabricated simply by physical adsorption of a protein conjugate of 2,4-D, and an indirect competitive immunoassay principle has been applied for the quantification of 2,4-D. Multiple 2,4-D samples were analyzed in a single step and a low-detection-limit (LDL) of 0.1 ppb (ng ml −1) 2,4-D was established. Competence of the portable SPR immunosensor for selective detection of 2,4-D despite the presence of various structurally resemblant interferents and from river-water samples has been demonstrated. The independent all-in-one sensor module highly favors shelf-storage between multiple determinations, and reusability of a same multi-microchannel flow-module for more than 35 days with intermittent storage (4–8 °C) has been confirmed. The LDL of 2,4-D could be enhanced further by introducing a simple avidin–biotin interaction-based sandwich immunoassay, with which the sensor signal multiplied enormously by a factor of ca. 10 and the LDL enhanced to 0.008 ppb. The miniature SPR sensor demonstrated here for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples with reusability and good storage ability is an important consideration for the advancement of biosensor technology.