Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies compellingly documented the ability of Mediterranean diet rich in extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) to reduce breast and colon cancers incidence, cardiovascular diseases, and aging cognitive functions decline. (-)-Oleocanthal (OC) and other EVOO phenolics gain progressive research attention due to their documented biological effects against cancer, inflammations, and Alzheimer’s disease. There is no simple, reliable, and cost-effective isolation protocol for EVOO phenolics, which hinder their therapeutic applications. This study develops novel methods to isolate OC and other EVOO phenolics. This includes the use of ultra-freezing to eliminate most EVOO fats and the successful water capacity to efficiently extract OC and EVOO phenolics as self-emulsified nano-emulsion. Subsequent resin entrapment and size exclusion chromatography afforded individual EVOO phenolics in high purity. OC in vitro and in vivo oral anti-breast cancer (BC) activities validated its lead candidacy. Effective isolation of EVOO phenolics provided in this study will facilitate future preclinical and clinical investigations and stimulate the therapeutic development of these important bioactive natural products.
Highlights
There is a wealth of epidemiological evidence demonstrating the reduced risk of Mediterranean populations to certain chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and particular types of cancer, in addition to extended life expectancy compared to other geographical populations [1, 2]
Sephadex LH-20 (Sigma Aldrich, bead size 25–100 μ) used for final size exclusion chromatographic purification of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolics using isocratic dichloromethane as a mobile phase. 1% Vanillin in concentrated H2SO4 was used as a visualizing reagent for Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). 1H and 13C Quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded in Deuterated Chloroform (CDCl3), using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard, on a JEOL EclipseECS NMR spectrometer operating at 400 MHz for 1H NMR and 100 MHz for 13C NMR
In order to eliminate the possibility of secoiridoids loss due to the expected acetalization, methanol has been replaced by CH3CN in the EVOO liquid-liquid extraction procedure [3]
Summary
There is a wealth of epidemiological evidence demonstrating the reduced risk of Mediterranean populations to certain chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and particular types of cancer, in addition to extended life expectancy compared to other geographical populations [1, 2]. Simplified self-emulsifying isolation of olive oil phenolics and oleocanthal oral anti-breast cancer activity and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the study
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