Abstract
Abstract BCZT (Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3) is a recent class of lead-free ferroelectric material associated with high piezoelectric coefficient, making it suitable to inspire hydroxyapatite (HA)-BCZT ceramics for bone materials. Nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized using the hydrothermal route was characterized via FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We also rationalized its formation as a function of operating conditions such as dwell time and temperature in this route. The nano-crystalline BCZT powder was synthesized via a sol-gel technique and its structural and morphological characterization were carried out using Raman Spectroscopy, XRD and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). These investigations facilitated the optimization of HA-BCZT compositions and their electrical poling conditions to achieve enhanced piezoelectric effect. The composites (HA-BCZT) sintered at 1350∘C exhibited promising piezoelectric properties. We report the enhanced piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 7±1 pC/N for 50% HA-BCZT which is significant as compared to that reported in the literature for ~98% BT (barium titanate) -HA composites. We highlight the role of Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) on the intriguing phase-change of Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) obtained at this sintering temperature, to hydroxyapatite for its essential contribution to promote bone growth. We theoretically support the confirmed in vitro biocompatibility of these composites. Graphical abstract: Novel lead-free biocompatible piezoelectric HA-BCZT nanocrystal composites for accelerated Bone regeneration
Highlights
The intrinsic electrical properties associated with the human bone play a key role in bone healing/remodeling [1, 2]
Nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized using the hydrothermal route was characterized via FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
The nanocrystalline BCZT powder was synthesized via a sol-gel technique and its structural and morphological characterization were carried out using Raman Spectroscopy, XRD and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Summary
The intrinsic electrical properties associated with the human bone play a key role in bone healing/remodeling [1, 2]. The electrical properties of BCZT are strongly linked to its crystal structure and microstructure that have been evaluated in detail [25,26,27] It has a well resolved morphotropic phase boundary, higher domain density and a large strain [28]. Most importantly, they have been demonstrated to be bio-compatible as a polymeric support for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells within the bone-marrow [29]. They have been demonstrated to be bio-compatible as a polymeric support for the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells within the bone-marrow [29] All of these properties warrant a lead-free BCZT in the enhancement of piezoelectric. The details of the systematic studies carried out on various aspects of the composites under investigation are elucidated
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