Abstract
Abstract A range of new 2D materials have recently been reported, including topological insulators, transition-metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and metal-organic frameworks, which have demonstrated high optical nonlinearity and Pauli blocking for widespread use as saturable absorbers in pulsed lasers. 2D materials are emerging as a promising platform for ultrashort-pulse fiber laser technology. This review presents a catalog of the various pulsed laser applications based on the series of emerging 2D materials. In addition, novel optical devices using layered materials, such as optical modulators, optical switches, and all-optical devices, are also included. It is anticipated that the development of 2D materials will intensify in the future, providing potentially new and wide-ranging efficacy for 2D materials in ultrafast photonic technology.
Highlights
Over the last few decades, interdisciplinary research involving materials has become ubiquitous in this subject area, reflecting the trend evident throughout the scientific community
A range of new 2D materials have recently been reported, including topological insulators, transitionmetal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and metal-organic frameworks, which have demonstrated high optical nonlinearity and Pauli blocking for widespread use as saturable absorbers in pulsed lasers. 2D materials are emerging as a promising platform for ultrashort-pulse fiber laser technology
Different soliton states can be generated by manipulating the cavity parameters, especially the cavity dispersion [337, 391]: conventional solitons are usually observed in the anomalous dispersion regime with typical Kelly sidebands; dispersion-managed solitons appear with a smooth Gaussian-shaped spectral profile when the positive and negative dispersion components form a near-zero-dispersion laser cavity together; dissipative soliton operation is usually observed in fiber lasers with strong positive dispersion, which can be realized as the result of the balance between normal cavity dispersion, fiber nonlinearity, gain, loss, and spectral filtering
Summary
Over the last few decades, interdisciplinary research involving materials has become ubiquitous in this subject area, reflecting the trend evident throughout the scientific community. Grapheme has been used as part of a pulse-shaping device because of its excellent saturable absorption characteristics [9, 11,12,13,14] This important discovery was made independently by several different research groups, which widely indicated that grapheme could be used to demonstrate ultrafast fiber lasers.
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