Abstract
According to the previous reports, hypothyroidism has been shown to be strongly correlated with increased circulating concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Notably, thyroid hormones are confirmed to modulate the production, clearance, and transformation process of cholesterol within circulation of mammals. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that the thyroid-stimulating hormone could also participate in modulating serum lipid metabolism independently of thyroid hormones, which further induces the pathological development of dyslipidemia. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. Recently, several research studies have demonstrated that the pathogenic progression of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia might be correlated with the decreased serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and the increased serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormones. Thus, this indicates that hypothyroidism could induce dyslipidemia and its related cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. In addition, several newly identified modulatory biomarkers, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, angiopoietin-like protein, and fibroblast growth factors, might play an important role in the regulation of dyslipidemia induced by hypothyroidism. Furthermore, under the status of hypothyroidism, significantly dysfunctional HDL particles could also be observed. In the current review, we summarized the recent knowledge of the relationship between the developments of hypothyroidism with dyslipidemia. We also discussed the updated understanding of the mechanisms whereby hypothyroidism induces the risk and the development of dyslipidemia and cardio-metabolic diseases.
Highlights
Hypothyroidism has been identified as a common cause or a strong risk factor for multiple diseases, such as depression, bradyarrhythmia, and cretinism
Several novel identified modulatory biomarkers, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTLs), and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), might play an important role in the regulation of dyslipidemia induced by hypothyroidism
In this review, we put forward a summary of several research which has demonstrated that the characteristics of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia; it is summarized that the hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia is closely associated with the altered serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone, indicating that hypothyroidism could induce dyslipidemia and its related cardio-metabolic disorder diseases
Summary
Hypothyroidism has been identified as a common cause or a strong risk factor for multiple diseases, such as depression, bradyarrhythmia, and cretinism. Dullaart et al showed that in euthyroid individuals, the higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone may affect TG metabolism via modulating the serum concentrations of ApoE, which may explain the serum ApoE levels could increase in patients with hypothyroidism [79].
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