Abstract
Pinus is one of the most economical and ecological important conifers, model specie for studying sequence divergence and molecular phylogeney of gymnosperms. The less availability of information for genome resources enable researchers to conduct evolutionary studies of Pinus species. To improve understanding, we firstly reported, previously released chloroplast genome of 72 Pinus species, the sequence variations, phylogenetic relationships and genome divergence among Pinus species. The results displayed 7 divergent hotspot regions (trnD-GUC, trnY-GUA, trnH-GUG, ycf1, trnL-CAA, trnK-UUU and trnV-GAC) in studied Pinus species, which holds potential to utilized as molecular genetic markers for future phylogenetic studies in Pinnus species. In addition, 3 types of repeats (tandem, palindromic and dispersed) were also studied in Pinus species under investigation. The outcome showed P. nelsonii had the highest, 76 numbers of repeats, while P. sabiniana had the lowest, 13 13 numbers of repeats. It was also observed, constructed phylogenetic tree displayed division into two significant diverged clades: single needle (soft pine) and double-needle (hard pine). Theoutcome of present investigation, based on the whole chloroplast genomes provided novel insights into the molecular based phylogeny of the genus Pinus which holds potential for its utilization in future studies focusing genetic diversity in Pinnus species.
Highlights
Pinus L. (Pinaceae) is an important genus of conifers with more than 230 species
The complete chloroplast genomes of seventy-two Pinus species ranged in size from 114,087 (P. pumila) to 121,976 bp (P. glabra) (Table 1 and Fig 1)
The complete genomes of Pinus species comprised of a large single copy (LSC) region ranged from 64,415 (P. sylvestris) to 65,610 bp (P. taeda), and a small single copy (SSC) region ranged from 50,661 (P. sylvestris) to 56,070 bp (P. glabra), and inverted repeats (IRs) ranged from 244 (P. muricata) to 492 bp (P. arizonica) in size (Table 1)
Summary
Pinus L. (Pinaceae) is an important genus of conifers with more than 230 species. It is a broadly distributed in temperate zones of Northern Hemisphere [1]. (Pinaceae) is an important genus of conifers with more than 230 species. It is a broadly distributed in temperate zones of Northern Hemisphere [1]. Pines include important tree species which are commercially used in pharmacology and wood pulp industries around the world. Genus Pinus is divided into two subgenera Strobus, (Haploxylon) and Pinus. Phylogenetic relationships and repeat sequence analysis of Pinus species and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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