Abstract
The order Charadriiformes comprises three major clades: Lari and Scolopaci as sister group to Charadrii. Until now, only three Charadriiformes species have been studied by chromosome painting: Larus argentatus (Lari), Burhinus oedicnemus and Vanellus chilensis (Charadrii). Hence, there is a lack of information concerning the third clade, Scolapaci. Based on this, and to gain a better understanding of karyotype evolution in the order Charadriiformes, we applied conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches in a species belonging to clade Scolopaci - the wattled jacana (Jacana jacana) - using Gallus gallus and Zenaida auriculata chromosome-specific probes. Cross-species evaluation of J. jacana chromosomes shows extensive genomic reshuffling within macrochromosomes during evolution, with multiple fission and fusion events, although the diploid number remains at high level (2n=82). Interestingly, this species does not have the GGA7-8 fusion, which was found in two representatives of Charadrii clade, reinforcing the idea that this fusion may be exclusive to the Charadrii clade. In addition, it is shown that the chromosome evolution in Charadriiformes is complex and resulted in species with typical and atypical karyotypes. The karyotypic features of Scolopaci are very different from those of Charadrii and Lari, indicating that after divergence, each suborder has undergone different chromosome rearrangements.
Highlights
IntroductionCharadriiformes comprises 19 families with approximately 370 species (Gill and Donsker, 2017) and is divided into 3 clades: Lari (gulls, auks and their allies, along with buttonquails), Scolopaci (sandpipers, jacanas and allies), and Charadrii (plovers, oystercatchers and allies) (Baker et al, 2007)
Charadriiformes comprises 19 families with approximately 370 species (Gill and Donsker, 2017) and is divided into 3 clades: Lari, Scolopaci, and Charadrii (Baker et al, 2007)
Chromosome painting indicates that J. jacana karyotype underwent extensive reorganization during its evolution from the putative ancestral karyotype (PAK), mainly involving macrochromosomes
Summary
Charadriiformes comprises 19 families with approximately 370 species (Gill and Donsker, 2017) and is divided into 3 clades: Lari (gulls, auks and their allies, along with buttonquails), Scolopaci (sandpipers, jacanas and allies), and Charadrii (plovers, oystercatchers and allies) (Baker et al, 2007) Species of this order have been the subject of numerous studies, addressing topics such as systematics, behavior, diseases and cytogenetics (Baker et al, 2007; Nie et al, 2009; Bahl et al, 2013; Kretschmer et al, 2015b; Jackson et al, 2017). The exact nature of the chromosomal rearrangements that took place in the karyotype evolution of Charadriiformes remains unclear, since only three species have been studied by chromosome painting These studies have revealed that the reduction of diploid number in B. oedicnemus (Charadrii) was largely due to multiple fusions involving microchromosomes (Nie et al, 2009). In Vanellus chilensis (Charadrii) 2n=78, the only fusion observed was between GGA8/GGA7, and no fissions were detected (Kretschmer et al, 2015b)
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