Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) or drugs are normally not delivered as pure chemical substances (for the prevention or the treatment of any diseases). APIs are still generally administered in prepared formulations, also known as dosage forms. Topical administration is widely used to deliver therapeutic agents locally because it is convenient and cost-effective. Since earlier civilizations, several types of topical semi-solid dosage forms have been commonly used in healthcare society to treat various skin diseases. A topical drug delivery system is designed primarily to treat local diseases by applying therapeutic agents to surface level parts of the body such as the skin, eyes, nose, and vaginal cavity. Nowadays, novel semi-solids can be used safely in pediatrics, geriatrics, and pregnant women without the possibility of causing any allergy reactions. The novel hydrogels are being used in a wide range of applications. At first, numerous hydrogel research studies were carried out by simply adding various APIs in pure form or dissolved in various solvents to the prepared hydrogel base. However, numerous research articles on novel hydrogels have been published in the last five to ten years. It is expected that novel hydrogels will be capable of controlling the APIs release pattern. Novel hydrogels are made up of novel formulations such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, liposomes, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems, cubosomes, and so on. This review focus on some novel formulations incorporated in the hydrogel prepared with natural and synthetic polymers.
Highlights
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) or drugs are not supplied as pure chemical compounds
The current review aims to highlight the most important developments that have come about from the increase of a variety of novel formulations containing the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) embedded in different sources of polymer-based hydrogels
A skin permeability study in domestic porcine skin showed a better tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-porphyrin tetra-iodide (TMPTI) permeated deeper skin levels with no surrounding damages. It shows that the TMPTI-NPT encapsulated in hydrogel formulation does not affect the normal cells. These findings indicate that encapsulating topical pharmaceutical carriers like hydrogels may successfully treat topical skin diseases, including skin cancer
Summary
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) or drugs are not supplied as pure chemical compounds (for the prevention or the treatment of any diseases). There have been several kinds of topical semi-solid dosage forms widely used in human society for treating various skin diseases [7]. The SC restricts the penetration of most large and hydrophilic API molecules, including proteins, peptides, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides [12] Despite their washable water bases, novel semi-solids are not greasy. According to the USP, gels ( known as jellies) are semi-solid systems made up of either a suspension containing small inorganic particles or organic macromolecules (primarily polymers) dissolved in a large quantity of liquid to form an infinite rigid network structure [14]. The current review aims to highlight the most important developments that have come about from the increase of a variety of novel formulations containing the API embedded in different sources of polymer-based hydrogels. This review article discusses some previous research on topical novel hydrogels prepared with varying sources like natural and synthetic gelling agents
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