Abstract
Lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3) coated with dual carbon–citric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), are used as the cathode materials for the novel aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (ARLBs). Li+ diffusion coefficient of Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP/C) is first calculated and reported for the ARLBs. The primary discharge specific capacities of LVP/C reaches 125.8 mA h g–1 (1 C), 122.7 mA h g–1 (2 C), 113.6 mA h g–1 (5 C) and 101.6 mA h g–1 (10 C), respectively. Particularly, at 50 C (equivalent to an ampere density of 6.6 A g–1), the capacity has almost no decrease after 300 cycles. At a novel 100 C (13.2 A g–1), 94.9% of capacity retention is achieved after 1000 cycles, and the Coulombic efficiency approximates equal to 100%. Lithium vanadium phosphate with a NASCION structure is regarded as the great promising candidate material for power batteries owing to its high safety, superior structural stability, and excellent electrochemical performance.
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