Abstract
Surgical training using live animals such as pigs is one of the best ways of achieving skilled techniques and fostering confidence in preclinical medical students and surgeon trainees. However, due to animal welfare ethics, laboratory animals’ usage for training should be kept to a minimum. We have developed a novel kidney organ model utilizing a simple procedure in which the kidney is first refluxed with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) solution for 1 hour in its bath, followed by permeation for 23 hours, with a subsequent freshwater refluxed for 48 hours in the washing step. Surgical simulation of the prepared kidney model (NVP-fixed kidney) was compared with three types of other basic known simulation models (fresh kidney, freeze-thaw kidney, and FA-fixed kidney) by various evaluations. We found the NVP-fixed kidney to mimicked fresh kidney function the most, pertaining to the hardness, and strength of the renal parenchyma. Moreover, the NVP-fixed kidney demonstrated successful blood-like fluids perfusion and electrocautery. Further, we confirmed that surgical training could be performed under conditions closer to actual clinical practice. Our findings suggest that our model does not only contribute to improving surgical skills but also inspires the utilization of otherwise, discarded inedible livestock organs as models for surgical training.
Highlights
We reported earlier that the 3-dimensional (3D) model of the renal tumor was useful for pre- and intra-operative simulations in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (PN) [15], but training to improve the technical skill for the operations involved is still insufficient
We have succeeded in producing a kidney training model that is very close to the fresh kidney
There are several reports on the efficacy of a 10 mm long renal tumor model in surgical training with ablation therapy [18, 19], there has been no report that the hardness or strength of the training model has a significant influence on the accuracy of the procedure such as resection and ligation of renal parenchyma in PN
Summary
Lack of basic physician knowledge and skills often causes malpractice. The physician must acquire basic knowledge and further improve skills. Medical care has undergone a major paradigm shift since malpractice has been reported to cause serious health damage to patients, and there is a strong global demand for safety and quality assurance [1, 2]. For medical staff to master clinical procedures, acquire the desired operate with confidence, education, and training are critical ventures [2], which could be categorized into two. One is “Knowledge,” and the other is “Technical Skill”. The former is for learning scholarship through lectures such as anatomy, surgical procedures, and the characteristics of the equipment; the latter is for acquiring
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