Novel high performance energetic materials of fluorine-containing 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol derivatives with substituted azoles

Abstract

Azoles such as tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, and imidazole are considered to be core nitrogen rich structures. 2,6-Dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol was treated with imidazole, 3-nitropyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, 5-aminotetrazole, and 5-nitrotriazolone to synthesize acid-base salts using a proton transfer mechanism. The spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized compounds 1–7 was carried out by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 19F NMR spectroscopies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of compounds 1 and 3 showed that they possess densities of 1.675 and 1.670 g/cm3, respectively. The detonation properties of all the synthesized compounds were studied using computational software such as the LOTUSES, EXPLO 5, and EXTEC codes. The blast peak over pressure and blast impulse were determined for each compound. The thermal behaviour of the synthesized compounds was analyzed using TGA/DSC thermogram, and each compound was found to exhibit acceptable thermal stability. The performance of the synthesized compounds were found to be high and fit into the category of high-energy-density materials (HEDMs).