Novel generation of deep eutectic solvent as an acceptor phase in three-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of steroidal hormones from biological fluids

Abstract

In this study, a novel generation of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was used as an acceptor phase in three-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) based on two immiscible organic phases. It was compared with other common DESs for extraction and preconcentration of dydrogesterone (DYD) and cyproterone acetate (CPA) from urine and plasma samples. The extracted analytes were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV–vis detector (HPLC-UV). This phosphonium based DES due to low volatility, low price and multifunctionality introduced itself as worthy next generation of acceptor phase in HF-LPME. The factors affected on extraction efficiency of the analytes were investigated and optimized. The performance of the proposed method was studied in terms of linear ranges (LRs from 1 to 500µgL−1 with R2 ≥ 0.9946), precision (RSD% ≤ 6.3) and limits of detection (LODs in the range of 0.5–2µgL−1). Under the optimized conditions, preconcentration factors in the range of 187–428 were obtained. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of DYD and CPA in human urine and plasma samples and desirable results were obtained.