Abstract
Axillary meristems play an important role in determining final plant architecture and floral structures. Tomato Ls, Arabidopsis LAS and rice MOC1 are orthologous genes regulating axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth. Their functions are generally conserved but the functional specificities are divergent among species. Obvious differences between rice panicles and wheat spikes suggest the divergent functions of MOC1 and its wheat ortholog. We show that TaMOC1 might be involved in wheat spikelet development. TaMOC1 is a typical nucleus localized protein with transcriptional activation abilities. The variable N-termini of TaMOC1 protein is necessary for transcriptional activation. TaMOC1 is highly expressed in ears with length of 2, 3 and 6 cm. Significant associations between the TaMOC1-7A haplotype and spikelet number per spike were observed in ten environments over 3 years and 2 sites. TaMOC1-7A HapH, a favored haplotype acquired during wheat polyploidization, may make a positive contribution to spikelet number per spike. Based on evolutionary analysis, geographic distribution and frequency changes, TaMOC1-7A HapH might be associated with wheat domestication and Chinese wheat breeding history. The pyramiding favorable alleles of TaMOC1-7A HapH and TaSnRK2.10 (C, associated with higher TGW) can improve both spikelet number per spike and TGW simultaneously.
Highlights
(MFS1)[17], OsMADS3418, TONGARI-BOUSHI1 (TOB1)[19], LAX1 and FRIZZY PANICLE 2 (FZP2)[20] genes in rice; MORE SPIKELETS1 (MOS1)[21] gene in brachypodium; HvTB122 gene in barley
The TaMOC1 protein possesses a GRAS domain identified by a Pfam search and shares the highest sequence identity with rice MOC1 (82.6%), followed by 45.0 and 43.0% with the tomato Ls and Arabidopsis LAS proteins, respectively[8,9]
Tomato Ls and Arabidopsis LAS regulate the formation of axillary meristems (AMs) during vegetative development. ls and las mutants are characterized by almost complete suppression of axillary shoots during vegetative development, but normal axillary shoot development can occur following transition to the reproductive phase
Summary
(MFS1)[17], OsMADS3418, TONGARI-BOUSHI1 (TOB1)[19], LAX1 and FRIZZY PANICLE 2 (FZP2)[20] genes in rice; MORE SPIKELETS1 (MOS1)[21] gene in brachypodium; HvTB122 gene in barley. MOC1 in rice is an ortholog of the tomato Ls and Arabidopsis LAS genes[16]. Monococcum), tiller inhibition (tin3) mutant with almost no tillering ability produces only one main culm and tin[3] gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 3Am 26,27. Wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) gene can drive supernumerary spikelets[29]. We report the isolation and characterization of TaMOC1, the wheat ortholog of rice MOC1. Results of haplotype analysis showed that TaMOC1 was significantly associated with spikelet number per spike. Haplotype differences in TaMOC1 varied with time of cultivar release and geographic distribution across ecological zones
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