Novel formulation, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-human lung cancer properties of gold nanoparticles containing Verbascum thapsus L. leaf aqueous extract

Abstract

IntroductionIn the present study, gold nanoparticles were prepared and synthesized in aqueous medium using V. thapsus leaf extract. We assessed the anti-human lung cancers potentials of these nanoparticles against well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung cell lines.Material and methodsAuNPs were characterized and analyzed by common nanotechnology techniques including FT-IR and UV-Vis. Spectroscopy, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. For determining of anti-human lung cancer properties of HAuCl4, V. thapsus, and AuNPs, MTT assay was used on normal (HUVECs), well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1), moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung (LC-2/ad), and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung (PC-14) cell lines.ResultsIn the FT-IR test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for reducing of gold in the gold nanoparticles. In UV-Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 548 nm indicated the formation of gold nanoparticles. AuNPs had excellent anti-human lung cancer effects dose-dependently against HLC-1, LC-2/ad, and PC-14 cell lines. The best result of anti-human lung cancer activities of AuNPs against above cell lines was observed in the case of the PC-14 cell line.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the synthesized AuNPs showed significant anti-human lung cancer properties against well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung cell lines in a dose depended on manner.