Novel features in the evolution of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency

Abstract

BackgroundAdenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of the purine synthesis which results in accumulation of succinylpurines (succinyladenosine (S-Ado) and succinylamino-imidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICAr)) in body fluids. Patients present developmental delay, often accompanied by epilepsy and autistic spectrum disorders. ObjectivesTo describe atypical neurological features in the evolution of three novel unrelated cases of ADSL deficiency. PatientsA 9-year-old boy with severe cognitive impairment and autistic behaviour received d-ribose therapy for one year. Drug withdrawal was associated with acute neurological deterioration, severe brain atrophy and demyelination on MRI. The second patient is a 5.5-year-old girl with mild developmental delay who presented a benign course with moderate cognitive impairment as the only feature in her evolution. The final patient is a 14-year-old boy with severe cognitive impairment who developed drug-resistant epilepsy and bathing reflex seizures, progressive spasticity in the lower limbs and thoracic deformity. MethodsSAICAr and S-Ado in urine were analysed by HPLC with diode array detection. Diagnosis was confirmed by molecular analysis of the ADSL gene. ResultsAn elevation of S-Ado and SAICAr excretion in urine was detected in all three patients. The patients were homozygous for the missence change p.I369L and for the novel change p.M389V. ConclusionDrug-resistant epilepsy and specific therapeutic interventions may modify the neurological outcome in ADSL deficiency. d-ribose must be considered with caution as, in our experience, it returns no clinical benefit and drug withdrawal can precipitate status epilepticus and acute neurological deterioration.