Abstract
Isobutyrate (2-methylpropionate) (13 μg/pupa), n-butyrate (3.8 μg/pupa), isovalerate (3-methylbutyrate) (2.4 μg/pupa), propionate (1.9 μg/pupa), and n-pentanoate (0.5 μg/pupa) esters of long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (LMA; C 25C 32) were identified as minor components of the wax ester fraction of internal lipids of developing male pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Propionate esters (2.6 μg/pupa) of very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (VLMA; C 36 to > C 44) were also present. The major ester of both the LMA and the VLMA were the acetate esters (750 μg/pupa) (Nelson et al., 1990a). The short-chain acid esters of the LMA were essentially absent at the beginning and end of the pupal stadium. Maximum levels of these esters were reached at approximately midpoint, between days 8 and 10, of the pupal stage. The amount of butyrate plus isobutyrate esters reached a maximum of 17 μg/pupa, the propionate esters rose to about 4.5 μg/pupa and the pentanoate plus 3-methylbutyrate esters reached a level of about 3 μg/pupa.
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