Novel Electrochemical Sensor Fabricated for Individual and Simultaneous Ultrasensitive Determination of Olaquindox and Carbadox Based on MWCNT-OH/CMK-8 Hybrid Nanocomposite Film.

Yanqing Liu,Su Yao,Gengxin Hu,Yinjian Ye,Hongwu Wang

doi:10.3390/molecules24173041

Yanqing Liu, Su Yao + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173041

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Abstract

A hybrid nanocomposite consisting of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs−OH) and cube mesoporous carbon (CMK−8) was applied in this study to construct an MWCNT−OH/CMK−8/gold electrode (GE) electrochemical sensor and simultaneously perform the electro-reduction of olaquindox (OLA) and carbadox (CBX). The respective peak currents of CBX and OLA on the modified electrode increased by 720- and 595-fold relative to the peak current of GE. The performances of the modified electrode were investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. Then, the modified electrodes were used for the individual and simultaneous determination of OLA and CBX. The fabricated sensor demonstrated a linear response at 0.2–500 nmol/L in optimum experimental conditions, and the detection limits were 104.1 and 62.9 pmol/L for the simultaneous determination of OLA and CBX, respectively. As for individual determination, wide linear relationships were obtained for the detected OLA with levels of 0.05–500 nmol/L with LOD of 20.7 pmol/L and the detected CBX with levels of 0.10–500 nmol/L with LOD of 50.2 pmol/L. The fabricated sensor was successfully used in the independent and simultaneous determination of OLA and CBX in spiked pork samples.

Highlights

Veterinary medicine is indispensable in the animal feeding development and breeding industries.Quinoxalines, a heterocyclic compound with benzene and pyrazine rings, can destroy and inhibit the synthesis of bacterial DNA, and it can improve feeding efficiency, animal growth, and antibacterial efficacy [1,2,3,4]
The morphologies of the MWCNTs−OH, CMK−8, and MWCNTs−OH/CMK−8 were recorded by SEM (Figure 1)
The results suggest that the proposed MWCNTs−OH/CMK−8/gold electrode (GE) have acceptable storage stability

Summary

Introduction

Veterinary medicine is indispensable in the animal feeding development and breeding industries. Quinoxalines, a heterocyclic compound with benzene and pyrazine rings, can destroy and inhibit the synthesis of bacterial DNA, and it can improve feeding efficiency, animal growth, and antibacterial efficacy [1,2,3,4]. Carbadox (CBX) and olaquindox (OLA) are classical quinoxalines and used widely in swine feeds to promote growth, increase the rate of weight gain, and prevent dysentery and bacterial enteritis in young swine [5,6,7,8]. CAB and OLA have been considerably used in the last century. Given the health concerns on possible photoallergenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, many countries and regions have focused their efforts on regulating CAB and OLA usage.

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