Abstract
Recent advances in science and technology radically changed the way we detect, treat and prevent different diseases in all aspects of human life. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, progressive, autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system whose major role is to protect the health by attacking foreign bacteria and viruses are mistakenly, attacking the joints resulting in thickened synovium, pannus formation, & destruction of bone, cartilage. Still now researchers are unable to know the exact cause of this disease. However, it is believed that genes and environmental factors play a role in development of RA. In this review, we discuss the Pathophysiology, predictors, & factors involved in pathogenesis of RA. We also discuss the Conventional therapeutic agents for Rheumatoid Arthritis. More importantly, we extensively discuss the emerging novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) like nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, microspheres, liposomes, and so on as these are the promising tools having successful applications in overcoming the limitations associated with conventional drug delivery systems. Although several NDDS have been used for various purposes, liposomes have been focused on due to its potential applications in RA diagnosis and therapy. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic effectiveness and challenges for RA by using these novel drug delivery systems. Finally, we conclude by discussing the future perspectives.
Highlights
Recent advances in science and technology radically changed the way we detect, treat and prevent different diseases in all aspects of human life
Several important drugs are been used for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment like Glucocorticoids, DMARDS, NSAIDS, and biological drugs
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the joints .The pathogenesis of RA consist of a complex process involving Pannus formation,synovial fibroblast proliferation causing infiltration of T-cells, B-cells,macrophages and plasma cells .it consist of mediators to form a network of interdependent system including cytokines,tumor necrosis factor, interleukins which stimulates the development of pro-inflammatory response on the cell .aim of treatment is to prevent joint destruction by improving functional ability,decreasing pain & inflammation in order to maintain a normal lifestyle
Summary
Preclinical RA occurs with increase level of diseased condition in association with the presence of auto-antibodies in the body .Most it includes Calpastatin, p68,RA33, peri nuclear factor and IgM rheumatoid factor. According to American Rheumatoid Association, diagnosis of RA occurs due to the presence of serological features (RF)
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