Abstract
Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5th DHC) systems offer promising approaches to decarbonizing space heating, cooling and domestic hot water supply. By using these systems, clustered buildings combined with industrial waste heat can achieve a net-zero energy balance on a variety of time scales. Thanks to the low exergy approach, these systems are highly efficient. As part of the Smart Anergy Quarter Baden (SANBA) project, the thermal energy grid simulation tool TEGSim has been further developed and used to design an ultra-low-temperature district heating (ULTDH) network with hydraulic and thermal components fitted to the specific regional characteristics of the investigated case. Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) used as seasonal storage ensures long-term feasibility. The annual discrepancy of input of thermal energy provided by space cooling and output of energy demanded by space heating and domestic hot water is supplied by an external low-grade industrial waste heat source. This paper presents the functionality of the simulation and shows how to interpret the findings concerning the design of all components and their interplay, energy consumption and efficiencies.
Highlights
Published: 23 July 2021In Austria in 2019, 27% (305 PJ) of overall energy consumption was used for space heating (H), cooling (C) and domestic hot water (DHW) supply, 198 PJ of that in private households alone
About 40% (79 PJ) of the energy required for H, C and DHW is supplied by fossil fuels and about 36% (71 PJ) by CO2 neutral resources
At the energy transfer stations (ETS), prosumers can be provided with energy for H and DHW via heat pump, free cooling (FC) directly from the grid and active cooling (AC) via the reversible heat pump that otherwise supplies heating energy
Summary
In Austria in 2019, 27% (305 PJ) of overall energy consumption was used for space heating (H), cooling (C) and domestic hot water (DHW) supply, 198 PJ of that in private households alone. 46% of all people in private households live in multifamily buildings. About 40% (79 PJ) of the energy required for H, C and DHW is supplied by fossil fuels and about 36% (71 PJ) by CO2 neutral resources. The remaining 24% (48 PJ) are provided by electricity or district heating (DH) [1]. The required electricity or energy used in district heating systems can be generated either in a climateneutral manner or from fossil fuels. The Austrian government’s ambitious goal is to free H and DHW supply from coal- and oil-based fuels by 2035 and to eliminate fossil gas-based fuels by 2040 [2]
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