Novel dimensionless predictive flow pattern map for HFOs inside microscale enhanced tubes

Abstract

Models designated to predict flow patterns in microscale geometries with enhanced surfaces such as micro-finned tubes are scarce in the literature and new low-GWP HFOs could benefit from the utilization of such geometries. Therefore, HFO1234ze(E)’s condensation flow patterns were subjected to visualization inside micro-finned tubes ranging from 4 to 7 mm outer diameters with various geometrical figures. The saturation temperature was set to 30 °C, vapor qualities ranged in the scope of 0.01 to 0.9, and mass fluxes in the magnitude of 100 to 400 kg m-2 s-1. Four distinctive flow patterns are observed, namely intermittent, annular, wavy-stratified, and transitional. Stratification only transpired at low mass fluxes (mainly below 100 kg m-2 s-1) and intermittent flow was only present at vapor qualities close to full condensation. The range in which transitional flow is observable shrinks with a progressive trend of mass flux. The impact of diameter was observed to be negligible, however, a more meticulous assessment highlights smaller ranges of vapor qualities in which transitional flow is present for the tube of 5 mm OD whose helix angle is substantially larger. Datapoints were juxtaposed to previous models of Doretti et al., Chen et al., Mandhane et al., and Jige et al. and the results attested to an inadequacy of accurate predictions made for tube of 4 mm OD. Noting the absence of surface tension force in the aforementioned maps, a novel flow pattern map based on modified Froude versus modified Weber numbers provided an accurate prediction for the three cases under study. Ultimately the model was also deemed fairly suitable for visualization datasets collected from literature.