Novel diamide derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, urease inhibition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and molecular docking studies

Abstract

Novel diamides (I-VI) were synthesized, corroborated by various spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrophotometry and elemental analysis. The in vitro screening of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated for their urease inhibition activity and compound IV was found the most potent derivative with 2.5-fold more enhanced activity (IC50 = 8.17 ± 0.39 mg/mL) than the standard drug thiourea (IC50 = 20.79 ± 0.34 mg/mL). The molecular docking study supported the experimental results and revealed that compound IV has shown a significant dock score and binds within the active site of the target enzyme. Furthermore, these compounds were investigated for their efficacy as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in vitro. Among all the tested compounds, compound I (IC50 = 45.88±3.99 µg/mL) showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas compound VI (IC50 = 124.60±2.20 µg/mL) exhibited the lowest activity when compared to standards. Concerning antibacterial activities especially compound III showed superior antimicrobial activity against the bacteria type B. cereus compared to the other compounds. Based on the present research, it was concluded that useful application areas such as the pharmaceutical industry can be investigated by conducting in vivo biochemical tests of effective diamides.