Novel Diagnostic Observations of Nodoventricular/Nodofascicular Pathway-Related Orthodromic Reciprocating Tachycardia Differentiating From Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia.

Abstract

This study sought to assess the performance of current diagnostic criteria and identify additional electrophysiological features differentiating orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) with a concealed nodoventricular/nodofascicular (NV/NF) pathway from atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Diagnosing sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) despite the occurrence of ventriculoatrial block (VAB) is challenging. We analyzed electrograms of 25 sustained SVTs (9 NV/NF-ORTs [n=7/2] and 16 AVNRTs) with VAB and 91 AVNRTs without VAB (for reference). More than 1 SVT, each with a different ventriculoatrial interval, was commonly induced in AVNRT cases (75%) but not in NV/NF-ORT cases (0%; p=0.0005). Wenckebach VAB was common in NV/NF-ORTs (78%), but VAB patterns varied in AVNRTs. The His-His interval transiently prolonged in the following beat after the VAB in most AVNRTs but rarely did in NV/NF-ORTs (79% vs. 22%; p=0.01). NV/NF-ORT was diagnosed by His-refractory premature ventricular contractions (n=5) and the findings during right ventricular overdrive pacing showing an uncorrected/corrected post-pacing interval (PPI)-tachycardia cycle length (TCL) ≤115/110 ms (n = 5/5), orthodromic His capture (n=6), and V-V-A (ventricle-ventricle-atrial response) response (n=3). A single form of induced SVT (positive predictive value [PPV]: 69%; negative predictive value [NPV]: 100%), Wenckebach VAB (PPV: 70%; NPV: 87%), stable His-His interval despite VAB (PPV: 70%; NPV: 85%), orthodromic His capture (PPV: 100%; NPV: 97%), and V-V-A response (PPV: 100%; NPV: 95%) characterized NV/NF-ORT, and a PPI-TCL of≤125ms (PPV: 100%; NPV: 100%) characterized NV-ORT. Induction of a single SVT form, Wenckebach VAB, stable His-His interval despite VAB, orthodromic His capture, and V-V-A response appeared to discriminate NV/NF-ORT from AVNRT, with a PPI-TCL of≤125ms discriminating NV-ORT from NF-ORT and AVNRT.