Abstract
IntroductionThe heterogeneity-specific nature of the available colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers is significantly contributing to the cancer-associated high mortality rate worldwide. Hence, this study was initiated to investigate a system of novel CRC biomarkers that could commonly be employed to the CRC patients and helpful to overcome the heterogenetic-specific barrier.MethodsInitially, CRC-related hub genes were extracted through PubMed based literature mining. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the extracted hub genes was constructed and analyzed to identify few more closely CRC-related hub genes (real hub genes). Later, a comprehensive bioinformatics approach was applied to uncover the diagnostic and prognostic role of the identified real hub genes in CRC patients of various clinicopathological features.ResultsOut of 210 collected hub genes, in total 6 genes (CXCL12, CXCL8, AGT, GNB1, GNG4, and CXCL1) were identified as the real hub genes. We further revealed that all the six real hub genes were significantly dysregulated in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients of various clinicopathological features including different races, cancer stages, genders, age groups, and body weights. Additionally, the dysregulation of real hub genes has shown different abnormal correlations with many other parameters including promoter methylation, overall survival (OS), genetic alterations and copy number variations (CNVs), and CD8+T immune cells level. Finally, we identified a potential miRNA and various chemotherapeutic drugs via miRNA, and real hub genes drug interaction network that could be used in the treatment of CRC by regulating the expression of real hub genes.ConclusionIn conclusion, we have identified six real hub genes as potential biomarkers of CRC patients that could help to overcome the heterogenetic-specific barrier across different clinicopathological features.
Highlights
The heterogeneity-specific nature of the available colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers is significantly contributing to the cancer-associated high mortality rate worldwide
We further revealed that all the six real hub genes were significantly dysregulated in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients of various clinicopathological features including different races, cancer stages, genders, age groups, and body weights
We identified a potential miRNA and various chemotherapeutic drugs via miRNA, and real hub genes drug interaction network that could be used in the treatment of CRC by regulating the expression of real hub genes
Summary
The heterogeneity-specific nature of the available colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers is significantly contributing to the cancer-associated high mortality rate worldwide. Microarray technology has become very popular among the scientist as it enables them to screen thousands of differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) together [5,6,7], which play an important role in the development and progression of a disease. This technology has helped to perform the in-depth analyses of the key genes to explore potential molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers [8]
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