Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design porous implants with low stiffness and evaluate their biomechanical behavior. Thus, two types of porous implants were designed (Type I: a combined structure of diamond-like porous scaffold and traditional tapered thread. Type II: a cylindrical porous scaffold filled by arrayed basic diamond-like pore units). Three implant-supported prosthesis models were constructed from Type I, Type II and commercial implants (control group) and were evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA). The stress distribution pattern of the porous implants were assessed and compared with the control group. In addition, the stiffness of the cylindrical specimens simplified from three types of implants was calculated. The Type I implant exhibited better stress distribution than the Type II implant. The maximum stress between the cortical bone–Type I implant interface was 12.9 and 19.0% lower than the other two groups. The peak stress at the cancellous bone–Type I implant interface was also reduced by 16.8 and 38.7%. Compared with the solid cylinder, the stiffness of diamond-like pore cylinders simplified from the two porous implants geometry was reduced by 61.5 to 76.1%. This construction method of porous implant can effectively lower its stiffness and optimize the stress distribution at the implant–bone interface.
Highlights
Accepted: 20 October 2021The dental implant can act as a natural tooth to withstand continuous static and dynamic loads during oral restoration [1]
Studies suggest that tapered screw implant can form a strong anchoring force at the implant-bone interface to obtain good initial stability, while a porous implant design can provide a large surface area for the attachment and fusion of bone tissue [14]
The maximum stress between the cortical bone–types of porous implants were designed (Type I) implant interface was 12.9 and 19.0% lower than the other two groups
Summary
Accepted: 20 October 2021The dental implant can act as a natural tooth to withstand continuous static and dynamic loads during oral restoration [1]. Since the elastic modulus of titanium implants (110 GPa) is much higher than that of the surrounding bone tissue (1–20 GPa), stress shielding effects are likely to occur around the implant [7]. This will cause surrounding bone resorption, and can even lead to implant failure [8,9,10,11]. Studies suggest that tapered screw implant can form a strong anchoring force at the implant-bone interface to obtain good initial stability, while a porous implant design can provide a large surface area for the attachment and fusion of bone tissue [14].
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