Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (So-D1-7) were isolated from a crude cell wall preparation from spinach leaves ( Spinacia oleracea cv. Matador) and, judged from their amino acid sequences, six of them (So-D2-7) represented a novel structural subfamily of plant defensins (group IV). Group-IV defensins were also functionally distinct from those of groups I–III. They were active at concentrations <20 μM against Gram-positive ( Clavibacter michiganensis) and Gram-negative ( Ralstonia solanacearum) bacterial pathogens, as well as against fungi, such as Fusarium culmorum, F. solani, Bipolaris maydis, and Colletotrichum lagenarium. Fungal inhibition occurred without hyphal branching. Group-IV defensins were preferentially distributed in the epidermal cell layer of leaves and in the subepidermal region of stems.
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