Abstract
An increase in inverter-based resources (IBRs) can lower the inertia of a power system, which may adversely affect the power system by causing changes such as a frequency nadir reduction or an increased initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). To prevent this, an ancillary service called fast frequency response (FFR) helps the inertia response by using IBRs. The main resources used in FFR are variable-speed wind turbine generators (VSWTGs) or energy storage systems (ESSs), which can respond quickly through converter control. The control is applied to the frequency regulation service faster than the primary frequency response, so the second frequency nadir may fall below the first frequency nadir. This study proposed a novel coordinated control strategy to efficiently utilize energy to improve the frequency nadir through coordinated control of wind turbines based on permanent magnetic synchronous generators (PMSGs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The simulation results confirmed that the two-bus test system was composed of PSCAD/EMTDC, and the frequency nadir increased by utilizing the same amount of energy as in traditional control systems.
Highlights
An increase in the proportion of renewable energy in power systems is planned and expected
Increasing the number of inverter-based resources (IBRs) will result in the replacement of traditional synchronous generators in power systems, leading to low system inertia [1]
This study proposed a novel coordinated control strategy for fast frequency response (FFR) using energy storage systems (ESSs) and permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG)-type wind turbine in order to solve the disadvantage that the second frequency nadir is lower than that of the first frequency nadir
Summary
An increase in the proportion of renewable energy in power systems is planned and expected. Among the types of renewable energy, solar and wind power have the highest proportions of use and potential for renewable energy generation These are inverter-based resources (IBRs) and have a low contribution to the inertia of power systems. In the event of a missing large power supply, the frequency will drop below the reliability standard and a wide-area power failure may occur owing to the operation of the under-frequency relay To prevent this issue, fast frequency response, which improves the lower frequency and the initial RoCoF through the inertial contribution of IBRs, has been introduced as a new auxiliary service. This study proposed a novel coordinated control strategy for FFR using ESS and permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG)-type wind turbine in order to solve the disadvantage that the second frequency nadir is lower than that of the first frequency nadir.
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