Novel Color Change Film as a Time-Temperature Indicator Using Polydiacetylene/Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Carboxymethyl Cellulose.

Aphisit Saenjaiban,Teeranuch Singtisan,Kittisak Jantanasakulwong,Panuwat Suppakul,Pornchai Rachtanapun,Winita Punyodom

doi:10.3390/polym12102306

Aphisit Saenjaiban, Teeranuch Singtisan + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102306

Copy DOI

Journal: Polymers	Publication Date: Oct 8, 2020
Citations: 34	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Chiang Mai University, Kasetsart University

Abstract

Time–temperature indicators (TTIs) can be important tools in product applications to monitor food quality losses, especially for fruits and vegetables. In this context, the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and glycerol on the color change of polydiacetylene/AgNPs (PDA/AgNPs) embedded in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film as time–temperature indicators (TTIs) were investigated. A CMC film prepared with 30 mg/L AgNPs and a 1:3 (v/v) PDA:AgNP ratio exhibited a faster color change than under other conditions. At 35 °C, the films with PDA/AgNPs changed color from purplish-blue to purple and purple to reddish-purple over time due to the higher thermal conductivity of AgNPs and larger PDA surface area exposed to specific temperatures. The total color difference (TCD) of PDA/AgNP-embedded CMC film directly changed with regard to time and temperature. However, adding glycerol to the system resulted in a symmetrical chemical structure, a factor that delayed the color change. Scanning electron micrographs showed AgNPs embedded in the CMC films. Transmission electron micrographs indicated a core-shell structure of PDA/AgNP vesicles in the CMC matrix. PDA/AgNP vesicles were confirmed by second derivative Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, with a new peak at 1390–1150 cm−1. The kinetics of TTIs from PDA/AgNP-embedded CMC films yielded an activation energy of 58.70 kJ/mol.

Highlights

Food waste has been and continues to be a major problem; it exerts a myriad of effects on whether the use of natural resources is worthwhile and causes environmental pollution
Given that there has been no research on temperature indicators (TTIs) composed of PDA/AgNPs embedded in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film, we examined the use of AgNPs to enhance the sensitivity of PDA at low temperatures
According to the indicator kinetics characterized by Taoukis and Labuza [1], the total color difference value X = ∆E or TCD of the indicator maybe expressed in terms of a response function as follows:

Summary

Introduction

Food waste has been and continues to be a major problem; it exerts a myriad of effects on whether the use of natural resources is worthwhile and causes environmental pollution. 60◦ C, side-chain strain is relieved, a phenomenon that allows PDA to move and form stable structures and subsequently change color from blue to red [5,6] In this investigation, PDA was modified to improve its sensitivity when exposed to a temperature lower than 60 ◦ C. PDA was modified to improve its sensitivity when exposed to a temperature lower than 60 ◦ C Adding nanoparticles such as silica dioxide (SiO2 ) [7], zinc oxide (ZnO) [8], titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) [9], silver (Ag) [10], and gold (Au) [11] enhances the strong ionic interaction with the functional groups of polymer chains [12]. Given that there has been no research on TTIs composed of PDA/AgNPs embedded in CMC film, we examined the use of AgNPs to enhance the sensitivity of PDA at low temperatures. We aimed (i) to study preparation of PDA/AgNPs embedded in CMC for film forming; (ii) to study the effect of altering the CMC:PDA/AgNP and PDA:AgNP ratios and AgNP concentration; and (iii) to determine the effect of glycerol concentration on color change at various low temperatures

Materials

Film Formation

Determination of the Dynamic Parameters of Indicator Films

Results and Discussion

Conclusions