Novel Coatings to Minimize Bacterial Adhesion and Promote Osteoblast Activity for Titanium Implants.

Samira E A Camargo,Fan Ren,Patrick H Carey Iv,Chaker Fares,Arthur E Clark,Josephine F Esquivel-Upshaw,Tanaya Roy

doi:10.3390/jfb11020042

Samira E A Camargo, Fan Ren + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11020042

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Abstract

Titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon carbide (SiC) adhesion properties to biofilm and the proliferation of human osteoblasts were studied. Quaternized titanium nitride (QTiN) was produced by converting the surface nitrogen on TiN to a positive charge through a quaternization process to further improve the antibacterial efficiency. The SiC required a nitridation within the plasma chamber of the surface layer before quaternization could be carried out to produce quaternized SiC (QSiC). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the reference strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis for 4 h by fluorescence microscopy using a live/dead viability kit. All the coatings exhibited a lower biofilm coverage compared to the uncoated samples (Ti—85.2%; TiN—24.22%; QTiN—11.4%; SiC—9.1%; QSiC—9.74%). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the reduction in P. gingivalis bacteria on the SiC and TiN-coated groups. After 24 h of osteoblast cultivation on the samples, the cell adhesion was observed on all the coated and uncoated groups. Fluorescence images demonstrated that the osteoblast cells adhered and proliferated on the surfaces. TiN and SiC coatings can inhibit the attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and promote osteoblast adhesion on the titanium used for implants. These coatings may possess the ability to prevent the development of peri-implantitis and stimulate osteointegration.

Highlights

Dental implant treatment is one of the primary choices for the replacement of missing teeth instead of fixed and removable prostheses
P. gingivalis appears in high quantities during biofilm formation on titanium implants and has demonstrated a typical bacterial profile in peri-implantitis. [5,8,9]
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of titanium coatings [Titanium Nitride (TiN), Quarternized Titanium Nitride (QTiN), Silicon Carbide (SiC), Quarterrnized Silicon Carbide (QSiC)] on monomicrobial biofilm adhesion as well as determine the viability of human osteoblasts in contact with this coated titanium

Summary

Introduction

Dental implant treatment is one of the primary choices for the replacement of missing teeth instead of fixed and removable prostheses. Dental implants are susceptible to peri-implantitis, which causes the destructive inflammation of soft and hard tissues and, when associated with microbial challenge, leads to dental implant failure [1,2,3,4,5]. Biofilms are responsible for plaque formation, leading to dental caries, periodontal disease, enamel demineralization, and peri-implantitis [1]. Bacterial adhesion to a substrate is a multifactorial process that involves the surface properties inherent to both the bacteria and the biomaterial [6,7]. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a principal pathogen of human periodontitis [4,8]. P. gingivalis appears in high quantities during biofilm formation on titanium implants and has demonstrated a typical bacterial profile in peri-implantitis. P. gingivalis appears in high quantities during biofilm formation on titanium implants and has demonstrated a typical bacterial profile in peri-implantitis. [5,8,9]

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