Abstract
Over the past several decades, despite advances in understanding the biology of AML, the standard therapy for patients with this disease has changed very little with the notable exception of the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The combination of cytarabine and an anthracycline continues to be the basis for most induction and consolidation regimens in other types of AML. Older patients with AML, particularly the septa and octogenarians and those with comorbid conditions, are less able to tolerate the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy and have been treated using less toxic strategies such as the use of hypomethylating agents decitabine and 5-azacytidine.
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