Novel Ceramic-Metal Composites with Metal Phase from Micro to Nanosize

Abstract

The present paper is focused on ceramic–metal composites obtained via different technologies which leads to different microstructures in terms of size and distribution of metal phase. Composites analysed in paper were produced by the following methods:(a) infiltration of porous ceramics by metal, (b) consolidation under high pressure and (c) sintering of ceramic powder coated by metal. Their microstructures were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods. The three methods of composite fabrication employed in the present study result in specific spatial distribution and dispersion of metal phase. Presureless infiltration of porous ceramics by liquid metal is driven by capillary force and make it possible to produce microstructure with percolation of metal phase in ceramic matrix. The volume fraction of metal phase in this case depends on the size of pores. The size of pores influence also the kinetics and extent of infiltration. Ceramic preforms with small size of pore are not fully infiltrated. This method is useful for composite with size of metal phase in the range of micrometers. Hot pressing under high pressure produces microstructures of composites with metal phase grain size in the range from nano to micrometers. Moreover, it allows to achieve the nanometric size of ceramic grains. In the case of ceramic powders covered by metal, compression and hot pressing preserves nanometric size of metal. The grain growth of ceramic grains is suppressed.