Abstract
Novel carbon materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and porous graphene (PG), were exploited and used as conductive additives to improve the rate performance of LiMn2O4 cathode for the rechargeable aqueous Zn/LiMn2O4 battery, namely the rechargeable hybrid aqueous battery (ReHAB). Thanks to the long-range conductivity and stable conductive network provided by CNTs, the rate and cycling performances of LiMn2O4 cathode in ReHAB are highly improved—up to about 100 mAh·g−1 capacity is observed at 10 C (1 C = 120 mAh·g−1). Except for CNTs, porous graphene (PG) with a high surface area, an abundant porous structure, and an excellent electrical conductivity facilitates the transportation of Li ions and electrons, which can also obviously enhance the rate capability of the ReHAB. This is important because the ReHAB could be charged/discharged in a few minutes, and this leads to potential application of the ReHAB in automobile industry.
Highlights
Introduction of Rechargeable Hybrid Aqueous BatteryNew types of aqueous rechargeable batteries, including new electrode materials and chemistry, are required to achieve high power as well as high safety and eco-friendliness
Low are the dendrite formation, corrosion, and hydrogen gascan evolution on the zinc anode density, high power, high safety, and low cost, the be exploited as uninterruptible power supplies, large energy storage devices to interface with the grid, and novel start-stop battery cost, the rechargeable hybrid aqueous battery (ReHAB)
We we focus focus on on using using novel novel carbon carbon materials, materials, porous porous one review, we focusimportant on using novel In carbon review, materials, porous graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as conductive additives to improve the electrical graphene andadditives carbon to nanotubes (CNTs), as conductivity, conductive additives to improve electrical as conductive improve the electrical improving the ratethe capability of conductivity, thusimproving improvingthe therate ratecapability capabilityof ofthe thebattery
Summary
Batteries are widely used as energy storage systems. Lithium ion batteries can operate at high voltages due to the wide electrochemical stability range of the organic electrolytes (3–5 V vs. Li+ /Li electrode), resulting in high energy densities. A variety of aqueous batteries, including alkaline Zn-MnO2 , lead-acid, Ni-Metal (e.g., zinc, cobalt, and iron), and Ni-metal hydride (Ni-MH) are used extensively or studied widely [1,4,5,6,7,8] Cui et al found that materials with the Prussian Blue crystal structure (nickel hexacyanoferrate and copper) possess large interstitial sites, which allows for the intercalation/de-intercalation of sodium (potassium) ions [20,22]. Their capacities are between 50 and 60 mAh·g−1
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