Abstract
A series of novel carbazole-based mono- and dinuclear gold(I) complexes with various lengths of alkyl chains were synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffractometry. Their aggregation-induced emission characteristics were investigated by ultraviolet/visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Their solid-state mechanochromic luminescence behavior was also studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. All gold(I) complexes based on a carbazole scaffold structure exhibited excellent aggregation-induced emission properties. Luminogens 1 and 2 showed reversible mechanochromism phenomena involving luminescent color transformation from yellow–green to green. Luminogens 3 and 4 exhibited switchable mechanochromic luminescence behavior involving fluorescent color change from colorless to green. The solid-state fluorescence of luminogens 5 and 6 can be switched between weak and strong fluorescence by mechanical force stimulus, and this conversion is irreversible.
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