Abstract
Canine circoviruses (CanineCV’s), belonging to the genus Circovirus of the Circoviridae family, were detected by next generation sequencing in samples from Thai dogs with respiratory symptoms. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of nearly complete CanineCV genomes suggested that natural recombination had occurred among different lineages of CanineCV’s. Similarity plot and bootscaning analyses indicated that American and Chinese viruses had served as major and minor parental viruses, respectively. Positions of recombination breakpoints were estimated using maximum-likelihood frameworks with statistical significant testing. The putative recombination event was located in the Replicase gene, intersecting with open reading frame-3. Analysis of nucleotide changes confirmed the origin of the recombination event. This is the first description of naturally occurring recombinant CanineCV’s that have resulted in the circulation of newly emerging CanineCV lineages.
Highlights
Circoviruses are non-enveloped DNA viruses belonging to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, and contain a small circular, single stranded ~2 kb DNA genome[1]
Samples from three autopsied Thai dogs that had exhibited respiratory symptoms and had been subjected to routine diagnostics were selected for further investigation. This included multiplex PCR screening for a panel of common canine respiratory viruses, which showed the presence of canine influenza virus (CIV) and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) in the nasal swab of dog no. 14P105D and canine parainfluenza (CPIV) in the oral swab of dog no. 14P112N (Table 1)
No indications for the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) or canine coronavirus (CCV) were found in intestinal swabs taken from the three autopsied dogs (Nos 14P105D, 14P112N, 15P061D) using an antigen detection kit
Summary
Circoviruses are non-enveloped DNA viruses belonging to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, and contain a small circular, single stranded ~2 kb DNA genome[1]. This genus harbors viruses that infect domestic and wildlife animal species, including porcine circoviruses (PCV-1 and -2), canary circovirus (CaCV) and beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) of birds[2,3,4,5]. Recombination is a driver of circovirus evolution, as several previous studies have shown genetic recombination within the Circoviridae family These include BFDV12, Torque teno virus[13] and PCV-214–17, and have contributed to genetic diversity of these viruses. We have molecularly characterized CanineCV strains from Thai dogs by generation sequencing with special emphasis on the occurrence of genetic recombination
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